Engineeringclarity for complex world.

Solar energy supports renewable electricity generation. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Renewable electricity.

Wind generation supplies renewable electricity. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Renewable electricity.

Photovoltaic generation supplies renewable electricity. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Renewable electricity.

Hydropower supplies renewable electricity. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Renewable electricity.

Geothermal energy contributes dependable renewable power. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Renewable electricity.

A shared renewable power bus feeds conversion and synthesis processes. Inputs: Sun, Wind, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal. Outputs: Backup power, Electrolysis, Air separation, Direct air capture, E-mobility.

Flexible backup capacity stabilises the renewable power system. Inputs: Renewable electricity. Outputs: Heating and cooling.

Water is treated before it enters electrolysis. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Water processing.

Treatment brings water to the quality required by the electrolyser. Inputs: Water. Outputs: Processed water.

Purified H₂O is supplied to electrolysis. Inputs: Water processing. Outputs: Electrolysis.

Electrolysis uses renewable electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Inputs: Renewable electricity, Processed water. Outputs: Hydrogen.

Renewable hydrogen is both a product and a feedstock for downstream synthesis. Inputs: Electrolysis. Outputs: Ammonia synthesis, Power-to-X synthesis, Steel industry.

Ambient air supplies nitrogen and a route to captured carbon. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Air separation, Direct air capture.

Air separation recovers nitrogen for ammonia synthesis. Inputs: Ambient air, Renewable electricity. Outputs: Nitrogen.

Separated nitrogen combines with hydrogen to produce ammonia. Inputs: Air separation. Outputs: Ammonia synthesis.

Direct air capture recovers carbon dioxide from ambient air. Inputs: Ambient air, Renewable electricity. Outputs: Renewable carbon.

Biogenic residues provide a renewable source of carbon. Inputs: external source. Outputs: Carbon capture and use.

Captured industrial and biogenic carbon is returned to productive use. Inputs: Biogenic residues. Outputs: Renewable carbon.

Renewable carbon closes the feedstock loop for synthetic hydrocarbons. Inputs: Direct air capture, Carbon capture and use. Outputs: Power-to-X synthesis.

Hydrogen and nitrogen are combined into renewable ammonia. Inputs: Hydrogen, Nitrogen. Outputs: Ammonia.

Renewable ammonia supports fertiliser, farming and marine fuel applications. Inputs: Ammonia synthesis. Outputs: Fertiliser industry, Farming and food.

Integrated synthesis converts hydrogen and renewable carbon into usable molecules. Inputs: Hydrogen, Renewable carbon. Outputs: Synthetic hydrocarbons.

Synthetic hydrocarbons replace fossil molecules in transport and industry. Inputs: Power-to-X synthesis. Outputs: Mining, Chemical industry, cosmetics and pharma, Aviation and shipping.

Renewable electricity and molecules provide dependable heat and cooling. Inputs: Backup power. Outputs: final system outcome.

Renewable power and fuels support low-carbon mobility. Inputs: Renewable electricity. Outputs: final system outcome.

Hydrogen and renewable energy displace fossil inputs in steelmaking. Inputs: Hydrogen. Outputs: final system outcome.

Renewable ammonia enables lower-carbon fertiliser production. Inputs: Ammonia. Outputs: final system outcome.

Renewable fertiliser and fuels support lower-carbon food systems. Inputs: Ammonia. Outputs: final system outcome.

Renewable fuels and electricity decarbonise heavy mining operations. Inputs: Synthetic hydrocarbons. Outputs: final system outcome.

Renewable carbon and hydrogen replace fossil chemical feedstocks. Inputs: Synthetic hydrocarbons. Outputs: No fossil carbon.

Synthetic fuels and ammonia provide scalable routes for aviation and shipping. Inputs: Synthetic hydrocarbons. Outputs: No fossil fuels.

The system removes dependence on fossil fuels from final energy use. Inputs: Aviation and shipping. Outputs: final system outcome.

Circular and renewable carbon replaces fossil carbon feedstocks. Inputs: Chemical industry, cosmetics and pharma. Outputs: final system outcome.